Summary - Server-side command injection is a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data that's misinterpreted by server-side components, often prevalent in languages like PHP, Python, and CGI scripts, enabling the execution of unintended commands on the server.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious commands through user inputs to execute arbitrary code on the server.
• Exfiltrate sensitive data from the server using command injection, such as database contents or configuration files.
• Manipulate or delete files on the server by injecting commands, potentially disrupting operations or deleting critical files.
• Gain unauthorized shell access to the server through command injection, allowing further exploration and control.
• Elevate privileges on the server by exploiting vulnerabilities or misconfigurations, expanding control.
• Overload the server with resource-intensive commands, causing unresponsiveness or crashes (Denial of Service).
• Deliver and install malware on the server via command injection, compromising it and other systems.
• Execute commands to scan the internal network, identifying other vulnerable systems.
• Establish a reverse shell connection to the attacker's machine, enabling remote server control.
• Corrupt or manipulate data within the application or database using command injection, causing data integrity issues.
• Gather information about the server's configuration, running services, or user accounts by injecting commands.
• Deface web pages by injecting commands, potentially damaging the target organization's reputation.

Summary - Stored cross-site scripting (XSS) is a web security vulnerability where malicious scripts are injected into a website's permanent storage, like databases or comment sections, which are then served to users, causing the scripts to run in their browsers. This can lead to attackers stealing sensitive user data, session hijacking, or spreading malware through infected web pages.

Goal(s):

• Steal session cookies to gain unauthorized access to accounts or sessions.
• Harvest sensitive information like usernames, passwords, and credit card numbers from victims.
• Perform unauthorized actions on behalf of users, such as changing account settings or making unauthorized purchases.
• Create convincing phishing pages to trick users into revealing their credentials or personal information.
• Capture keystrokes entered by victims, potentially obtaining sensitive data like passwords or credit card numbers.
• Exploit browser vulnerabilities through injected scripts to compromise users' browsers or devices.

Summary - Blind cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of web vulnerability where malicious scripts are injected into a web application, but their impact isn't immediately visible to users. These scripts execute when another user, often an administrator or privileged user, interacts with the infected page, potentially leading to unauthorized actions or data compromise.

Goal(s):

• Inject scripts to silently exfiltrate sensitive data like cookies or tokens, transmitting it to a controlled server, all while the attacker remains unaware of the output.
• Utilize injected scripts to silently capture keystrokes, enabling attackers to record user input, including usernames and passwords, without needing direct visibility of the results.
• Exploit the vulnerability to manipulate a user's email address, then initiate a password reset, allowing the attacker to seize control of the victim's account while remaining blind to the output.
• Leverage the vulnerability to launch Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks, compelling users to perform actions on another site without their consent, all without the need for the attacker to see the results.

Summary - Server-side code injection is a web vulnerability where attackers inject malicious code into a web application's input fields or parameters, manipulating the server to execute unintended code. This vulnerability is commonly found in web applications using technology stacks like PHP, Java, ASP.NET, and Ruby on Rails, where improper input validation can lead to the execution of arbitrary code on the server.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious code into user-controlled input, triggering the execution of server-side code in the application's tech stack (e.g., using eval() in a Node.js backend).
• Gain control over the application's server-side logic by injecting code that allows attackers to modify or disrupt functionality.
• Exploit code injection to subvert authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access to the application or server.
• Inject code that modifies the behavior of the application or alters the output presented to users.
• Leverage code injection to disrupt the server's functionality or cause unexpected behaviors in the application.

Summary - Server-side prototype pollution is a web security vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data to modify the prototype of objects on the server, potentially leading to unauthorized actions or data manipulation. This vulnerability is often found in applications that process user input without proper validation, affecting languages like JavaScript on the server side or frameworks that use deserialization, like Node.js.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious data to manipulate and pollute server-side prototypes, potentially affecting the behavior of core application objects.
• Exploit prototype pollution to tamper with server-side libraries and modules, leading to unintended consequences in the application's functionality.
• Forge and modify prototype properties, potentially enabling unauthorized access to sensitive server-side resources or data.
• Exploit prototype pollution to trigger arbitrary server-side code execution, potentially compromising the entire system.
• Exploit prototype pollution to introduce vulnerabilities that lead to data leaks, causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack by overloading server resources and rendering the application unresponsive, disrupting normal operations and potentially affecting users.
• Tamper with request or response objects' prototypes to manipulate data flows and interactions within the application to exfiltrate sensitive data.
• Inject data that affects the control flow of server-side logic, potentially leading to unauthorized actions or data leakage.
• Exploit prototype pollution to escalate privileges and gain unauthorized access to sensitive application features or resources, compromising security.
• Manipulate prototype properties to subvert authentication mechanisms or bypass security checks, gaining unauthorized access.

Summary - Insecure deserialization is a web vulnerability where attackers exploit improperly handled serialized data, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary code or unauthorized actions. This vulnerability is often prevalent in languages like Java, Python, and PHP, where de-serialized data isn't properly validated, allowing attackers to manipulate serialized objects to their advantage.

Goal(s):

• Tamper with serialized data to execute arbitrary code during deserialization, potentially compromising the application.
• Exploit insecure deserialization to manipulate application objects and gain unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
• Craft malicious payloads to escalate privileges and gain unauthorized access to restricted areas or data.
• Exploit insecure deserialization to cause application crashes or denial of service conditions.
• Modify serialized data to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms and access unauthorized functionality.
• Forge serialized objects that enable data manipulation, potentially leading to data corruption or unauthorized changes.
• Craft payloads to trigger application logic flaws, causing unintended behaviors or actions.
• Exploit insecure deserialization to launch remote attacks on other systems or services.

Summary - LDAP injection is a web security vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data in a way that leads to unintended interactions with a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can potentially retrieve unauthorized information from the server, modify data, or execute arbitrary commands.

Goal(s):

• Inject crafted LDAP queries to manipulate directory searches, potentially extracting sensitive data.
• Exploit LDAP injection to bypass authentication, gaining unauthorized access to the application.
• Forge malicious input to execute arbitrary commands on the LDAP server, potentially compromising it.
• Manipulate LDAP queries to modify or delete directory entries, causing data loss or disruption.
• Inject payloads to escalate privileges and gain administrative access to the LDAP server.
• Exploit LDAP injection to exfiltrate sensitive information from the directory, potentially compromising user data.
• Craft payloads to search for specific entries or attributes within the LDAP directory.
• Inject input that causes unintended LDAP queries, potentially revealing sensitive directory information.
• Forge LDAP queries to access or manipulate user accounts, potentially leading to unauthorized actions.
• Exploit LDAP injection to enumerate users, groups, or permissions within the directory.
• Manipulate queries to search for or modify application configurations stored in the LDAP directory.
• Inject payloads to impersonate users or groups within the directory, potentially gaining unauthorized privileges.
• Exploit LDAP injection to disrupt directory services, potentially causing denial of service conditions.
• Craft LDAP queries to facilitate data validation bypass or abuse within the application.
• Inject input that triggers directory errors or exceptions, potentially revealing valuable information.

Summary - Server-side request forgery (SSRF) is a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate a web application to make unauthorized requests to internal resources or external servers on behalf of the application. This can lead to data leakage, unauthorized access to internal systems, or potential exploitation of vulnerabilities in third-party services.

Goal(s):

• Forge HTTP requests to internal services or resources to extract sensitive information.
• Exploit SSRF to scan and enumerate the internal network or discover hidden services.
• Manipulate SSRF to bypass security controls and access restricted data or functionality.
• Redirect internal requests to external malicious servers, facilitating data exfiltration.
• Craft SSRF payloads to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of legitimate users.
• Make malicious HTTP Requests on behalf of the organization to damage their reputation and ultimately lead to financial loss.

Summary - Local file inclusion (LFI) is a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate input to include and execute local files on a web server, potentially exposing sensitive information. Path traversal is a similar vulnerability where attackers manipulate input to traverse directory paths, potentially accessing files outside the intended scope, which can lead to unauthorized data exposure or code execution.

Goal(s):

• Exploit path traversal to access sensitive files outside the web root, such as configuration files or system logs.
• Manipulate file inclusion to read or exfiltrate confidential data, including user accounts or private documents.
• Abuse path traversal to gain unauthorized access to restricted areas, such as admin panels or user profiles.
• Redirect file inclusion to execute system commands on the server, compromising its security.
• Exploit file inclusion to disclose source code, exposing application vulnerabilities or proprietary information.
• Forge requests to include remote files, potentially facilitating remote code execution attacks.

Summary - XPath injection is a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data to modify XPath queries in XML-based applications, potentially leading to unintended data access or manipulation. This can result in unauthorized data exposure or even remote code execution, depending on the application's security measures.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious XPath queries to access unauthorized data within XML documents.
• Exploit XPath Injection to bypass authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access.
• Manipulate XPath queries to extract sensitive information from XML-based databases or files.
• Forge XPath queries to modify XML data or execute unauthorized actions within the application.
• Redirect XPath queries to exfiltrate sensitive data from the server or application.
• Exploit XPath Injection to escalate privileges and gain administrative access.
• Craft XPath queries to trigger application errors or unintended behaviors.
• Inject malicious XPath expressions to disrupt XML parsing or application functionality.
• Abuse XPath Injection to enumerate user accounts, potentially aiding in further attacks.
• Manipulate XPath queries to reveal server-specific information or configurations.
• Forge XPath queries to search for specific entries or patterns within XML data.
• Exploit XPath Injection to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially compromising it.
• Redirect XPath queries to access confidential XML documents or resources.
• Inject XPath expressions to facilitate data validation bypass or abuse within the application.

Summary - An unrestricted file upload vulnerability allows attackers to upload various file types to a web application without proper checks, even if they can't directly achieve remote code execution or upload a web shell. This can still lead to potential security risks like storing malware-infected files, exploiting server misconfigurations, or enabling further attacks through creative abuse of the uploaded content.

Goal(s):

• Bypass existing filters to upload files outside of the allowed types, sizes or naming conventions.
• Upload files to a directory outside of the intended location.

Summary - In an unrestricted file upload vulnerability, if the attacker manages to upload a web shell or execute malicious code, they can gain unauthorized remote access (RCE) to the targeted system or web application. This can lead to complete control over the system, data breaches, and potentially severe security breaches.

Goal(s):

• Execute arbitrary commands through the web shell, potentially compromising the entire system.
• Use the web shell to steal sensitive data from the server or database.
• Gain persistent access to the application, allowing for long-term exploitation.
• Inject backdoors or malware into the server, facilitating further attacks.
• Escalate privileges by exploiting vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.
• Conceal malicious activities by modifying logs or altering access controls.
• Launch attacks on other internal systems or network resources from the compromised server.
• Establish a command-and-control (C2) channel for remote control and management.
• Exploit the compromised server to launch attacks on external targets or neighboring systems.
• Upload and execute ransomware to encrypt data and demand a ransom for decryption.

Summary - Server-side template injection is a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data to inject malicious template code into a web application's server-side templates, potentially leading to the execution of unintended code and exposing sensitive information. This can occur when input isn't properly validated or sanitized before being inserted into the template rendering process.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious template code that allows for the execution of arbitrary commands on the server. This can compromise the entire server infrastructure and potentially lead to full server control.
• Exploit SSTI to access and exfiltrate sensitive server-side data, including confidential user information, database contents, or configuration files. Attackers can use this stolen data for malicious purposes or to gain insights into the application's architecture.
• Craft template injections to gain unauthorized access to restricted areas or sensitive user data. By escalating privileges, attackers can compromise the security of the application and access data they shouldn't have access to.
• Exploit the initial SSTI vulnerability to facilitate secondary attacks on the server or other connected systems. This can include launching attacks on other applications, pivoting to other parts of the network, or compromising additional assets.
• Manipulate templates to disrupt application functionality or crash the server, causing service interruptions or degradation in performance.

Summary - XML External Entity (XXE) attacks are a web vulnerability where attackers manipulate input data to exploit XML parsers, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information, server-side request forgery (SSRF), or remote code execution. By injecting malicious XML entities, attackers can abuse the way the application processes XML data, causing unintended behaviors.

Goal(s):

• Exploit XXE to read sensitive server data, like configuration files or credentials, for malicious purposes.
• Craft malicious XML to trigger XXE, causing a DoS by overloading server resources.
• Use XXE for SSRF attacks, revealing internal network details or exfiltrating data.
• Escalate XXE to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to full compromise.
• Manipulate app parameters or configs via XXE to alter behavior, access resources, or perform unauthorized actions.

Summary - WebSocket injection is a web security vulnerability where attackers manipulate data sent through WebSocket connections, potentially leading to unauthorized data modification or the insertion of malicious content into the communication stream. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can disrupt communication, inject malicious scripts, or even compromise the integrity of the transmitted data.

Goal(s):

• Inject malicious or unexpected data into WebSocket messages, potentially disrupting communication or exploiting vulnerabilities.
• Forge WebSocket messages to impersonate a legitimate client or server, potentially deceiving other clients or the server into taking unintended actions.
• Intercept WebSocket traffic to steal sensitive information transmitted between clients and the server, including credentials, session tokens, or other confidential data.
• Modify WebSocket messages in transit to manipulate the data being exchanged, potentially causing incorrect processing on the server or clients.
• Inject malicious code or commands into WebSocket messages, which, if executed on the server, can lead to remote code execution or unauthorized access.
• Overwhelm WebSocket connections with a high volume of malicious requests, leading to server resource exhaustion or communication disruption.
• Exploit WebSocket vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions, enabling attackers to impersonate legitimate users and perform actions on their behalf.
• Manipulate WebSocket protocol-specific behaviors or features to carry out attacks that abuse WebSocket functionality, potentially leading to application vulnerabilities.
• Trick users into establishing WebSocket connections to malicious servers, potentially exposing sensitive information or performing actions on behalf of the victim.